Pengaruh Jenis Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Alami dan Tipe Stek terhadap Pertumbuhan Awal Sukun (Artocarpus altilis)

Abstract

Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a multipurpose tropical species with considerable potential for food security and traditional medicinal uses. However, its cultivation remains constrained by limited information on effective vegetative propagation techniques. This study evaluated the effects of natural plant growth regulators (PGRs), cutting types, and their interactions on the propagation performance of breadfruit. A two-factor factorial experiment was conducted in Seilale Village, Ambon, Indonesia, from May to August 2026, using a completely randomised design with four PGR treatments (control, bamboo shoot extract, young coconut water, and shallot extract) and two cutting types (stem and root cuttings). The experiment comprised three replications and 240 cuttings. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's multiple range test. PGR treatments did not significantly affect the time to shoot emergence, whereas stem cuttings produced shoots earlier (16.12 days after planting) than root cuttings (34.46 days). PGR type, cutting type, and their interaction significantly influenced root number and root length. The combination of bamboo shoot extract and root cuttings produced a shoot length of 6.74 cm, a mean of 6.40 roots per cutting, a root length of 3.93 cm, and the highest recorded survival percentage (87%). These findings identify bamboo shoot extract combined with root cuttings as a promising treatment for improving breadfruit vegetative propagation under the experimental conditions.